Journal: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Article Title: Whole‐body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults

doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010789.pub2

Figure Lengend Snippet: DRKS00006038

Article Snippet: Outcomes , Quadriceps muscles strength was tested using the Biodex Multi‐Joint Testing and Rehabilitation System 3 PRO. Static, dynamic and endurance tests were performed. Examinations of quadriceps peak torque were conducted on the first day (Pre 1) before the experimental group had their first cryotherapy treatment and on the tenth day (Post 2) after the last cryotherapy treatment was completed. The isokinetic strength tests were performed by the experimental group both before (A) and after (B) the first cryotherapy treatment and before (C) and after (D) the tenth cryotherapy treatment. The same measurements at the same time intervals were performed in the control group.

Techniques: Control, Muscles

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Common Synaptic Input to Motor Neurons and Neural Drive to Targeted Reinnervated Muscles

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1179-17.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Innervation and EMG electrode grid locations for the three experiments. A, For the TMR patients, a 64-channel sensor array (interelectrode distance 10 mm) was placed on the short head of the biceps, which was reinnervated. Contractions of this muscle were obtained by instructing the patients to close the hand of the phantom limb. B, For the second experiment, performed on healthy subjects, a 64-channel grid (interelectrode distance 8 mm) was placed on the short head of the BBR muscle. Contractions of the muscle were elicited by instructing the subjects to perform an elbow flexion movement by keeping the angle of the elbow joint fixed at 90° and the wrist joint flexed at ∼10° with respect to the neutral position. C, In the third experiment, a 64-channel grid (interelectrode distance 4 mm) was placed on the FDI. The hand was fixed to a force transducer, and activation of the muscle was obtained by performing an index abduction against a load cell.

Article Snippet: In the second experiment, healthy volunteers were seated with the right arm restrained in a force transducer (Biodex Multi Joint System 3, Biodex Medical Systems), with the elbow joint fixed at 90° and the wrist flexed at ∼10° with respect to the neutral position.

Techniques: Activation Assay